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6. Ontology Versioning

6. 本体的版本控制

Ontologies are like software, they will be maintained and thus will change over time. Within an owl:Ontology element (discussed above (http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#OntologyHeaders)), it is possible to link to a previous version of the ontology being defined. The owl:priorVersion property is intended to provide this link, and can be used to track the version history of an ontology.
本体和软件一样需要维护，因此它们将随着时间的推移而改变。在一个owl:Ontology元素（如上面讨论的http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#OntologyHeaders） 内，链接到一个以前定义的本体版本是可能的。属性owl:priorVersion被用来提供这种链接，并能用它跟踪一个本体的版本历史。

<owl:Ontology rdf:about="">

  ...

  <owl:priorVersion rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/CR-owl-guide-20030818/wine"/> 

  ...

</owl:Ontology>

The indicated ontology is a previous version of the one being defined.
Ontology versions may not be compatible with each other. For example, a prior version of an ontology may contain statements that contradict the current version. Within an owl:Ontology element, we use the tags owl:backwardCompatibleWith and owl:incompatibleWith to indicate compatibility or the lack thereof with previous ontology versions. If owl:backwardCompatibleWith is not declared, then compatibility should not be assumed. In addition, owl:versionInfo provides a hook suitable for use by versioning systems. As opposed to the previous three tags, the object of owl:versionInfo is a literal and the tag can be used to annotate classes and properties in addition to ontologies.

在上面例子中被指出的那个本体是被定义本体的一个以前版本。
本体版本可能彼此互不兼容，例如，一个本体以前的版本可能包含与现在版本中的陈述相矛盾的陈述。在一个owl:Ontology元素中，我们使用owl:backwardCompatibleWith和owl:incompatibleWith这些属性来指出本体版本是兼容还是不兼容以前的版本。如果没有进行owl:backwardCompatibleWith声明，那么我们假定就不存在兼容性。除了上面讲到的两个属性，还有一个属性owl:versionInfo适用与版本控制系统，它提供了一些相关信息（hook）。和前面三个属性相反的是，owl:versionInfo的客体是一个文字值（literal），这一属性除了可以用来注释本体之外还可以用来注释类和属性。

For many purposes, doing version tracking at the granularity of an entire ontology is not enough. Maintainers may wish to keep version information for classes, properties, and individuals - and even that may not be sufficient. The incremental nature of class expressions in OWL implies that one ontology may add restrictions to a (named) class defined in another ontology, and these additional restrictions themselves may require version information.

在许多时候，仅仅在整个本体的粒度上提供版本跟踪是不够的。维护人员可能希望能够记录类、属性、个体的版本信息——即使这些信息可能还是是不够充分。在OWL中，类表示的渐增性本质意味着了一个本体可以为一个在另一个本体中定义的（具名）类添加约束，而这些额外的约束本身可能需要版本信息。
OWL Full provides the expressive power to make any sort of assertion about a class, i.e. that it is an instance of another class, or that it (and not its instances) has a property and a value for that property. This framework can be used to build an ontology of classes and properties for tracking version information. The OWL namespace includes two pre-defined classes that can be used for this purpose: owl:DeprecatedClass and owl:DeprecatedProperty. They are intended to indicate that the class or property will likely be changing in an incompatible manner in a forthcoming release:

OWL Full提供的表示能力能够对一个类进行任何类型的声明，也即可以声明一个类可以是另一个类的实例，或者一个类（不是它的实例）有一个属性和一个对应的属性值。这一框架就能被用来为版本跟踪信息建立一个由类和属性构成的本体。OWL的名称间中包括了两个预定义的类owl:DeprecatedClass和owl:DeprecatedProperty来完成这个目的。他们被用来指明某个类或属性在未来发布的版本中可能以一种不兼容的方式发生变化。

...

  <owl:DeprecatedClass rdf:ID="&vin;JugWine" />

  <owl:DeprecatedProperty rdf:ID="&vin;hasSeeds" />

...  ? 

It is important to note that owl:DeprecatedClass and owl:DeprecatedProperty have no additional semantics and it is up to tool developers and OWL users to ensure they are used as intended.

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我们要注意到owl:DeprecatedClass及owl:DeprecatedProperty并没有附加的语义，这很重要。它们应由工具开发者和OWL使用者来确保这些属性是按其本意使用的。